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* Scottish Independence * Civic nationalism * Regionalism * Social democracy〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Parties and Elections in Europe: The database about parliamentary elections and political parties in Europe, by Wolfram Nordsieck )〕 }} |position = Centre-left | european = European Free Alliance | europarl = Greens/EFA | colours = Yellow | seats1_title = House of Commons (Scottish seats) | seats1 = | seats3_title = European Parliament (Scottish seats) | seats3 = | seats4_title = Scottish Parliament | seats4 = | seats5_title = Local government in Scotland | seats5 = | website = (www.snp.org ) | colorcode = }} The Scottish National Party (SNP) ((スコットランド・ゲール語:Pàrtaidh Nàiseanta na h-Alba), ) is a Scottish nationalist and social-democratic〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=About Us )〕 political party in Scotland. The SNP supports and campaigns for Scottish independence.〔 It is the third-largest political party by membership in the United Kingdom, as well as by overall representation in the House of Commons, behind the Labour Party and the Conservative Party, and is the largest party in Scotland, where it dominates both the Scottish Parliament and the country's parliamentary delegation to the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Its leader, Nicola Sturgeon, is the current First Minister of Scotland. Founded in 1934 with the merger of the National Party of Scotland and the Scottish Party, the party has had continuous parliamentary representation since Winnie Ewing won the 1967 Hamilton by-election. With the advent of the Scottish Parliament in 1999, the SNP became the second largest party, serving two terms as the opposition. The SNP came to power in the 2007 Scottish general election, forming a minority government, before going on to win the 2011 election, after which it formed Scotland's first majority government. As of October 2015, the SNP is the largest political party in Scotland in terms of membership. With over 114,000 members, including 64 MSPs, 54 MPs and over 400 local councillors, more than 2% of the Scottish population is a member of the party.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/msps/12450.aspx )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/vote2012/council/scotland.stm )〕 The SNP also currently has 2 MEPs in the European Parliament, who sit in The Greens/European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) group. The SNP is a member of the European Free Alliance (EFA). ==History== (詳細はNational Party of Scotland and the Scottish Party, with Robert Bontine Cunninghame Graham as its first president. Professor Douglas Young, who was the leader of the Scottish National Party from 1942 to 1945 campaigned for the Scottish people to refuse conscription and his activities were popularly vilified as undermining the British war effort against the Axis powers. Young was imprisoned for refusing to be conscripted. The SNP first won a parliamentary seat at the Motherwell by-election in 1945, but Robert McIntyre MP lost the seat at the general election three months later. They next won a seat in 1967, when Winnie Ewing was the surprise winner of a by-election in the previously safe Labour seat of Hamilton. This brought the SNP to national prominence, leading to the establishment of the Kilbrandon Commission. The SNP hit a high point in the October 1974 general election, polling almost a third of all votes in Scotland and returning 11 MPs to Westminster. This success was not surpassed until the 2015 general election. However, the party experienced a large drop in its support at the 1979 General election, followed by a further drop at the 1983 election. In the 2007 Scottish Parliamentary general election the SNP emerged as the largest party with 47 seats, narrowly ousting the Scottish Labour Party with 46 seats and Alex Salmond became Scottish First Minister. The Scottish Green Party supported Salmond's election as First Minister, and his subsequent appointments of ministers, in return for early tabling of the climate change bill and the SNP nominating a Green MSP to chair a parliamentary committee. In May 2011, the SNP won an overall majority in the Scottish Parliament with 69 seats. Overall majorities are unusual in the Additional Member system that is used for elections to the Scottish Parliament, which was specially designed by the Labour UK government in 1999 to prevent any party gaining overall control of the parliament. Based on their 2011 majority, the SNP government held a referendum on Scottish independence in 2014. The "No" vote prevailed in a close-fought campaign, prompting the resignation of First Minister Alex Salmond. Forty-five percent of Scottish voters cast their ballots for independence, with the "Yes" side receiving less support than late polling predicted. The SNP rebounded from the loss in the independence referendum at the UK general election in May 2015, led by Salmond's successor as first minister, Nicola Sturgeon. The party went from holding six seats in the House of Commons to 56, mostly at the expense of the Labour Party. All but three of the fifty nine constituencies in the country elected an SNP candidate. BBC News described the historic result as a "Scots landslide". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Scottish National Party」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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